Conceptual Integrated Science
Chapter 18: Diversity of Life on Earth
Moving Water Up a Tree
For Your Consideration:
How does water climb up a tree against gravity?
Be sure to study this Chapter Section of your textbook.
Table of Videos
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Chapter 1: About Science
- 1.1 A Brief History of Advances in Science
- 1.2 Mathematics and Conceptual Integrated Science
- 1.3 The Scientific Method--a Classic Tool
- 1.4 The Scientific Hypothesis
- 1.5 The Scientific Experiment
- 1.6 Facts, Laws, and Theories
- 1.7 Science Has Limitations
- 1.8 Science, Art, and Religion
- 1.9 Technology: The Practical Use of Science
- 1.10 The Natural Sciences: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Earth Science, and Astronomy
- 1.11 Integrated Science
- 1.A An Investigation of Sea Butterfiles
- 1.12 Working With Numbers
- Chapter 2: Describing Motion
- Chapter 3: Newton's Laws of Motion
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Chapter 4: Momentum and Energy
- 4.1 Momentum
- 4.2 Impulse
- 4.3 Impulse-Momentum Relationship
- 4.A The Impulse-Momentum Relationship in Sports
- 4.4 Conservation of Momentum
- 4.5 Energy
- 4.6 Power
- 4.7 Potential Energy
- 4.8 Kinetic Energy
- 4.9 The Work-Energy Theorem
- 4.10 Conservation of Energy
- 4.B Glucose: Energy for Life
- 4.11 Machines
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Chapter 5: Gravity
- 5.1 The Legend of the Falling Apple
- 5.2 The Fact of the Falling Moon
- 5.3 Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
- 5.A Your Biological Gravity Detector
- 5.4 Gravity and Distance: The Inverse-Square Law
- 5.5 The Universal Gravitational Constant
- 5.6 Weight and Weightlessness
- 5.B Center of Gravity of People
- 5.7 Gravity Can Be a Centripetal Force
- 5.8 Projectile Motion
- 5.9 Projectile Altitude and Range
- 5.10 The Effect of Air Drag on Projectiles
- 5.11 Fast-Moving Projectiles-Satellites
- 5.12 Elliptical Orbits
- 5.C Escape Speed
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Chapter 6: Heat
- 6.1 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter
- 6.2 Temperature
- 6.3 Absolute Zero
- 6.4 What Is Heat?
- 6.5 The Laws of Thermodynamics
- 6.A Entropy: The Universal Tendency Toward Disorder
- 6.6 Specific Heat Capacity
- 6.B The Specific Heat Capacity of Water Affects Global Temperature
- 6.7 Thermal Expansion
- 6.10 Heat Transfer: Radiation
- 6.8 Heat Transfer: Conduction
- 6.9 Heat Transfer: Convection
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Chapter 7: Electricity and Magnetism
- 7.1 Electric Force and Charge
- 7.2 Coulomb's Law
- 7.3 Electric Field
- 7.4 Electric Potential
- 7.5 Conductors and Insulators
- 7.6 Voltage Sources
- 7.7 Electric Current
- 7.8 Electrical Resistance
- 7.9 Ohm's Law
- 7.10 Electric Circuits
- 7.A Electric Shock
- 7.11 Electric Power
- 7.12 The Magnetic Force
- 7.13 Magnetic Fields
- 7.14 Magnetic Forces on Moving Charges
- 7.B Earth's Magnetic Field and the Ability of Organisms to Sense It
- 7.15 Electromagnetic Induction
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Chapter 8: Waves—Sound and Light
- 8.1 Vibrations and Waves
- 8.2 Wave Motion
- 8.3 Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
- 8.4 The Nature of Sound
- 8.A Sensing Pitch
- 8.5 Resonance
- 8.6 The Nature of Light
- 8.7 Reflection
- 8.8 Transparent and Opaque Materials
- 8.9 Color
- 8.B Mixing Colored Lights
- 8.10 Refraction
- 8.11 Diffraction
- 8.12 Interference
- 8.13 The Doppler Effect
- 8.C The Doppler Shift and the Expanding Universe
- 8.14 The Wave-Particle Duality
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Chapter 9: Atoms and the Periodic Table
- 9.A Atoms Are Ancient and Empty
- 9.1 The Elements
- 9.2 Protons and Neutrons
- 9.3 The Periodic Table
- 9.B Physical and Conceptual Models
- 9.4 Identifying Atoms Using the Spectroscope
- 9.5 The Quantum Hypothesis
- 9.6 Electron Waves
- 9.7 The Noble Gas Shell Model
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Chapter 10: The Atomic Nucleus
- 10.1 Radioactivity
- 10.A Radiation Dosage
- 10.2 The Strong Nuclear Force
- 10.3 Half-Life and Transmutation
- 10.B Radiometric Dating
- 10.4 Nuclear Fission
- 10.5 Mass-Energy Equivalence
- 10.C Nuclear Fusion
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Chapter 11: Investigating Matter
- 11.1 Chemistry: The Central Science
- 11.2 The Submicroscopic View of Matter
- 11.3 Phase Changes
- 11.4 Physical and Chemical Properties
- 11.5 Determining Physical and Chemical Changes
- 11.6 Elements to Compounds
- 11.7 Naming Compounds
- 11.A The Advent of Nanotechnology
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Chapter 12: Chemical Bonds and Mixtures
- 12.1 Electron-Dot Structures
- 12.2 The Ionic Bond
- 12.A Metals from Earth
- 12.3 The Covalent Bond
- 12.4 Polar Covalent Bonds
- 12.5 Molecular Polarity
- 12.6 Molecular Attractions
- 12.B Mixtures
- 12.7 Describing Solutions
- 12.8 Solubility
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Chapter 13: Chemical Reactions
- 13.1 Chemical Equations
- 13.2 Energy and Chemical Reactions
- 13.3 Reaction Rates
- 13.A Catalysts (Earth Science, Biology)
- 13.4 Acids Donate Protons; Bases Accept Them
- 13.5 Acidic, Basic, and Neutral Solutions
- 13.B Acid Rain and Basic Oceans
- 13.6 Losing and Gaining Electrons
- 13.C Batteries and Fuel Cells (Physics)
- 13.7 Corrosion and Combustion
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Chapter 14: Organic Compounds
- 14.1 Hydrocarbons
- 14.2 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
- 14.3 Functional Groups
- 14.4 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
- 14.5 Amines and Alkaloids
- 14.6 Carbonyl Compounds
- 14.A Drug Action
- 14.7 Polymers
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Chapter 15: The Basic Unit of Life—The Cell
- 15.1 Characteristics of Life
- 15.A Macromolecules Needed for Life
- 15.2 Cell Types: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
- 15.B The Microscope
- 15.3 Tour of a Eukaryotic Cell
- 15.4 The Cell Membrane
- 15.5 Transport In and Out of Cells
- 15.6 Cell Communication
- 15.7 How Cells Reproduce
- 15.8 How Cells Use Energy
- 15.C ATP and Chemical Reactions in Cells
- 15.9 Photosynthesis
- 15.10 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
- 15.11 Glycolysis (Honors)
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Chapter 16: Genetics
- 16.1 What Is a Gene?
- 16.2 Chromosomes: Packages of Genetic Information
- 16.A The Structure of DNA
- 16.3 DNA Replication
- 16.4 How Proteins Are Built
- 16.5 Genetic Mutations
- 16.B How Radioactivity Causes Genetic Mutations
- 16.6 Meiosis and Genetic Diversity
- 16.7 Mendelian Genetics
- 16.8 More Wrinkles: Beyond Mendelian Genetics
- 16.9 The Human Genome
- 16.10 Cancer: Genes Gone Awry
- 16.C Environmental Causes of Cancer
- 16.11 Transgenic Organisms and Cloning
- 16.12 DNA Technology-What Could Possibly Go Wrong?
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Chapter 17: The Evolution of Life
- 17.1 The Origin of Life
- 17.2 Early Life on Earth
- 17.3 Charles Darwin and The Origin of Species
- 17.4 How Natural Selection Works
- 17.5 Adaptation
- 17.6 Evolution and Genetics
- 17.7 How Species Form
- 17.8 Evidence of Evolution
- 17.9 The Evolution of Humans
- 17.A Did Life on Earth Originate on Mars?
- 17.B Staying Warm and Keeping Cool
- 17.C Fossils: Earth's Tangible Evidence of Evolution
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Chapter 18: Diversity of Life on Earth
- 18.1 Classifying Life
- 18.2 The Three Domains of Life
- 18.3 Bacteria
- 18.4 Archaea
- 18.5 Protists
- 18.6 Plants
- 18.A Moving Water Up a Tree
- 18.7 Fungi
- 18.8 Animals
- 18.B Coral Bleaching and Ocean Acidification
- 18.C How Birds Fly
- 18.9 Viruses and Prions
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Chapter 19: Control and Development
- 19.1 Organization of the Human Body
- 19.2 Homeostasis
- 19.3 The Brain
- 19.4 The Nervous System
- 19.5 How Neurons Work
- 19.A How Fast Can Action Potentials Travel?
- 19.B Endorphins
- 19.6 The Senses
- 19.7 Hormones
- 19.8 Reproduction and Development
- 19.9 The Skeleton and Muscles
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Chapter 20: Care and Maintenance
- 20.1 Integration of Body Systems
- 20.2 The Circulatory System
- 20.A Hemoglobin
- 20.3 Respiration
- 20.4 Digestion
- 20.5 Nutrition, Exercise, and Health
- 20.B Low-Carb Versus Low-Cal Diets
- 20.6 Excretion and Water Balance
- 20.7 Keeping the Body Safe: Defense Systems
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Chapter 21: Ecology
- 21.1 Organisms and Their Environment
- 21.2 Population Ecology
- 21.3 Human Population Growth
- 21.4 Species Interactions
- 21.5 Kinds of Ecosystem
- 21.A Materials Cycling in Ecosystems
- 21.6 Energy Flow in Ecosystems
- 21.B Energy Leaks When Organisms Eat
- 21.7 Change in an Ecosystem
- 21.8 Biogeology
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Chapter 22: Plate Tectonics
- 22.1 Earth Science Is an Integrated Science
- 22.2 Earth's Compositional Layers
- 22.A Earth Developed Layers When It Was Young, Hot, and Molten
- 22.3 Earth's Structural Layers
- 22.B Using Seismology to Explore Earth's Interior
- 22.4 Continental Drift-An Idea Before Its Time
- 22.5 Seafloor Spreading
- 22.C Magnetic Stripes Are Evidence of Seafloor Spreading
- 22.6 The Theory of Plate Tectonics
- 22.D What Forces Drive the Plates?
- 22.7 Plate Boundaries
- 22.E Life In the Trenches
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Chapter 23: Rocks and Minerals
- 23.1 What Is a Mineral?
- 23.2 Mineral Properties
- 23.3 Types of Minerals
- 23.A The Silicate Tetrahedron
- 23.4 How Do Minerals Form?
- 23.5 What Is Rock?
- 23.6 Igneous Rock
- 23.7 Sedimentary Rock
- 23.B Coal
- 23.8 Metamorphic Rock
- 23.9 The Rock Cycle
- 23.C Earth's History Is Written In Its Rocks
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Chapter 24: Land and Water
- 24.1 A Survey of the Earth
- 24.2 Folds and Faults
- 24.3 Mountains
- 24.4 Plains and Plateaus
- 24.5 Earth's Waters
- 24.6 The Ocean
- 24.A The Composition of Ocean Water
- 24.7 Fresh Water
- 24.8 Glaciers
- 24.B Water Pollution
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Chapter 25: Surface Processes
- 25.1 Processes That Sculpt the Earth: Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition
- 25.A Weathering
- 25.B Soil
- 25.2 The Impact of Running Water
- 25.3 Glaciers-Earth's Bulldozers
- 25.4 The Effects of Gravity Alone-Mass Movement
- 25.5 Groundwater Erodes Rock Making Caves and Caverns
- 25.6 Wave Effects
- 25.7 Wind-Agent of Change
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Chapter 26: Weather
- 26.1 The Atmosphere
- 26.A Atmospheric Pressure
- 26.2 The Structure of the Atmosphere
- 26.B Heating the Atmosphere: Solar Radiation
- 26.3 Temperature Depends on Latitude
- 26.4 Earth's Tilted Axis: The Seaaons
- 26.5 Flow of the Atmosphere: Wind
- 26.C Wind Chill
- 26.6 Local and Global Wind Patterns
- 26.D The Coriolis Effect
- 26.7 Ocean Currents Distribute Heat
- 26.8 Water In the Atmosphere
- 26.9 Changing Weather-Air Masses, Fronts, and Cyclones
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Chapter 27: Environmental Geology
- 27.1 Earthquakes
- 27.2 Tsunami
- 27.3 Volcanoes
- 27.4 Hurricanes
- 27.A Climate Change
- 27.B Feedback Loops
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Chapter 28: The Solar System
- 28.1 The Solar System and Its Formation
- 28.2 The Sun
- 28.3 The Inner Planets
- 28.4 The Outer Planets
- 28.A What Makes a Planet Suitable For Life?
- 28.5 Earth's Moon
- 28.6 Failed Planet Formation
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Chapter 29: The Universe
- 29.1 Observing the Night Sky
- 29.2 The Brightness and Color of Stars
- 29.3 The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
- 29.4 The Life Cycles of Stars
- 29.5 Black Holes
- 29.6 Galaxies
- 29.A The Search for Extraterrestrial Life
- 29.7 Looking Back In Time
- 29.8 Dark Matter and Dark Energy